Odds ratio
Measure of association widely used in epidemiological studies (e.g. in case-control studies to estimate risk ratio).
Risk ratio
Relative effect measure widely used in epidemiological studies.
Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity: [P(t+|d+)]: Probability of a positive test given presence of disease.
Specificity: [P(t-|d-)]: Probability of a negative test given absence of disease.
Positive / Negative predictive values
Positive predictive value: [P(d+|t+)]: Probability of presence of disease given positive test.
Negative predictive value: [P(d-|t-)]: Probability of absence of disease given negative test.