Ruthenium

Symbol | Ru
Latin name | Ruthenium
Atomic number | 44
Period | 5
Element category | Transition elements
Relative atomic mass | 101.07
Group | VIII.B
Electronegativity | 2.2
Oxidation numbers | 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d7 5s1
Density [g/cm3] | 12.41
State | Solid
Melting point [°C] | 2300
Boiling point [°C] | 4000
Atomic radius [pm] | 178
Covalent radius [pm] | 126
Thermal conductivity [W m-1K-1] | 117
Heat capacity [J K-1g-1] | 0.238
Discovery | 1843
Hardness [Mohs scale] | 6.5
Brinell hardness [MPa] | 2160
Young's modulus [GPa] | 447
Electrical conductivity [S m-1] | 1.4 · 107
Shear modulus [GPa] | 173
1.st ionization energy [eV] | 7.3605
2.nd ionization energy [eV] | 16.76
3.rd ionization energy [eV] | 28.47
Stable isotopes | 7
Unstable isotopes | 9